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Other serious side effects may include fungal infections, anaphylaxis, and muscle weakness. [1] It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe for the baby. [1] Polymyxin B works by breaking down the cytoplasmic membrane which generally results in bacterial cell death. [1] Polymyxin B was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964. [1]
Polymyxin B/trimethoprim, sold under the brand name Polytrim is an antimicrobial solution for topical ophthalmic use in the treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharoconjunctivitis. [1] In 2022, it was the 252nd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. [2] [3]
Polymyxin antibiotics are relatively neurotoxic and nephrotoxic, so are usually used only as a last resort if modern antibiotics are ineffective or are contraindicated. . Typical uses are for infections caused by strains of multiple drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteri
Neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin, also known as triple antibiotic ointment, is an antibiotic medication used to reduce the risk of infections following minor skin injuries. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It contains the three antibiotics neomycin , polymyxin B , and bacitracin . [ 1 ]
Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic derived from a bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, and acts against bacteria through the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. [6] It does this by inhibiting the removal of phosphate from lipid compounds, thus deactivating its function to transport peptidoglycan; the main component of bacterial cell membranes, to the microbial cell wall.
Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections. [1] Other uses include for middle ear infections and travelers' diarrhea . [ 1 ] With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS .
Prescriptions of these drugs should be discarded once expired because they can cause hepatotoxicity. It was once believed that tetracycline antibiotics impair the effectiveness of many types of hormonal contraception. Recent research has shown no significant loss of effectiveness in oral contraceptives while using most tetracyclines.
Tricyclic antidepressants reduce PHN pain, but their use is limited by side effects. [2] Opioid medications are not generally recommended for treatment except in specific circumstances. Such cases should involve a pain specialist in patient care due to mixed evidence of efficacy and concerns about potential for abuse and addiction .