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The French Wars of Religion were a series of civil wars between French Catholics and Protestants (called Huguenots) from 1562 to 1598.Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy. [1]
Switzerland was to be divided into a patchwork of Protestant and Catholic cantons, with the Protestants tending to dominate the larger cities, and the Catholics the more rural areas. In 1656, tensions between Protestants and Catholics re-emerged and led to the outbreak of the First War of Villmergen. The Catholics were victorious and able to ...
The impending marriage led to the gathering of a large number of well-born Protestants in Paris, but Paris was a violently anti-Huguenot city, and Parisians, who tended to be extreme Catholics, found their presence unacceptable. Encouraged by Catholic preachers, they were horrified at the marriage of a princess of France to a Protestant. [6]
The massacre of Wassy was the final rupture of any possibility of coexistence between the Catholics and Protestants. [68] In the cities of Sens, Cahors, Tours, Auxerre, Carcassonne and Avignon Catholics responded to news of the massacre by emulating it against their own Protestant communities.
Protestants Catholics killed by Protestants Bondeville massacre 18 March 1571: Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville: 40 Catholics Protestants attacked by Catholic crowd. 40 killed. St. Bartholomew's Day massacre: 24 August 1572: Paris: 5,000–30,000 French state/Catholics Huguenots (French Protestants) were massacred Aups massacre 16 August 1574: Aups: 18 ...
Peace was initially maintained between Catholics and Protestants in Valognes. A bi-confessional assembly of notables agreed to resist calls to arm and expel populations and instead abide by the king's edicts together in peace. A bi-confessional militia was able to keep the peace when there was an incident around Pentecost.
The 1552 Peace of Passau ended the Schmalkaldic War, a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics within the Holy Roman Empire. The 1555 Peace of Augsburg tried to prevent recurrence of conflict by fixing boundaries between the two faiths, using the principle of cuius regio, eius religio.
The Catholics were led by Anne de Montmorency while Louis I, Prince of Condé, led the Huguenots. Though commanders from both sides were captured, the French Catholics won the battle which would constitute the first major engagement of the French Wars of Religion and the only major engagement of the first French War of Religion.