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The epidermis serves several functions: protection against water loss by way of transpiration, regulation of gas exchange and secretion of metabolic compounds. Most leaves show dorsoventral anatomy: The upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces have somewhat different construction and may serve different functions.
The epidermis is the outermost cell layer of the primary plant body. In some older works the cells of the leaf epidermis have been regarded as specialized parenchyma cells, [1] but the established modern preference has long been to classify the epidermis as dermal tissue, [2] whereas parenchyma is classified as ground tissue. [3]
English: The fine scale structure of a leaf featuring the major tissues; the upper and lower epithelia (and associated cuticles), the palisade and spongy mesophyll and the guard cells of the stoma.
Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
This term has also been used as a synonym for dorsoventral organs, those that extend from a dorsal to a ventral surface. [ citation needed ] This word is also used to define body structure of an organism, e.g. flatworm have dorsiventrally flattened bodies.
The dorsoventral axis [10] ... [37] For example, in skin, the epidermis is superficial to the subcutis. Dorsal and ventral. These two terms, ...
These are the craniocaudal (head to tail), dorsoventral (back to front), and proximodistal (near to far) axes. [ 25 ] Many investigations into the development of the limb skeletal pattern have been influenced by the positional information concept proposed by Lewis Wolpert in 1971. [ 26 ]
Water beads on the waxy cuticle of kale leaves. A plant cuticle is a protecting film covering the outermost skin layer of leaves, young shoots and other aerial plant organs (aerial here meaning all plant parts not embedded in soil or other substrate) that have no periderm.