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The Unrotated Projectile (UP) was a British anti-aircraft and ground-bombardment rocket of the Second World War. The original 7-inch version was developed for the Royal Navy by Alwyn Crow of the Projectile Development Establishment of the Ministry of Supply at Fort Halstead .
Home Guards load a rocket launcher on a static 'Z' Battery on Merseyside, July 1942. The solid-fuel 3 in (76 mm) rocket used by the Z Batteries was known as the UP-3 (Unrotated Projectile) and had been developed in the late 1930s by the Projectile Development Establishment at Fort Halstead in Kent under the direction of Alwyn Crow.
Fort Halstead was a research site of the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), an executive agency of the UK Ministry of Defence. It is situated on the crest of the Kentish North Downs , overlooking the town of Sevenoaks , southeast of London .
Spaniel was a series of experimental British missiles of the Second World War. They began as surface-to-air missile designs developed by the Air Ministry from 1941. Based on the 3-inch Unrotated Projectile anti-aircraft rocket, it proved to have too little performance to easily reach typical bomber altitudes, leading to further development as an air-to-air missile carried aloft by heavy fighters.
In projectile motion the most important force applied to the ‘projectile’ is the propelling force, in this case the propelling forces are the muscles that act upon the ball to make it move, and the stronger the force applied, the more propelling force, which means the projectile (the ball) will travel farther. See pitching, bowling.
At Fort Halstead he developed the Unrotated Projectile an antiaircraft weapon for the Royal Navy, used in the early period of World War II when the supply of anti-aircraft guns was limited. His obituary in The Times called him a Rocket Projectile Pioneer. He was born in London, and educated at Queens' College, Cambridge.
Rocket Projectile, 2 inch United Kingdom: 72.4 1 7.3 cm Propagandawerfer 41 Nazi Germany: 72.9 35 Henschel Hs 297 / 7.3 cm Föhn-Gerät Nazi Germany: 76.2 1-36 Z Battery United Kingdom: 76.2 32 Land Mattress United Kingdom: 78 24 or 48 8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer Nazi Germany: 82 8 BM-8-8 (jeep) Soviet Union: 82 24 BM-8-24 (tank) Soviet Union ...
At the start of the war, the British had equipped their warships with unrotated projectile unguided anti-aircraft rockets, and by 1940, the Germans had developed a surface-to-surface multiple rocket launcher, the Nebelwerfer. The Soviet Katyusha rocket launchers were top secret in the beginning of World War II.