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The Montenegrin campaign of World War I, in January 1916, was a part of the Serbian campaign, in which Austria-Hungary defeated and occupied the Kingdom of Montenegro, an ally of the Kingdom of Serbia.
Signing of the capitulation of Montenegro on January 23, January 25, 1916. On August 9, 1914, the Kingdom of Montenegro entered the First World War on the side of the Triple Entente. The country fought together with the Kingdom of Serbia against Austria-Hungary.
During World War II, Italy under Benito Mussolini occupied Montenegro in 1941 and annexed it to the Kingdom of Italy in the area of Kotor (Cattaro), where there was a small Venetian speaking population. (The Queen of Italy – Elena of Montenegro – was daughter of the former king of Montenegro and was born in Cetinje.)
Although independent, Montenegro was nationally and culturally close to Serbia. [3] Montenegro joined the First Balkan War in 1912, hoping to win a share in the last Ottoman-controlled areas of Rumelia. Montenegro did make further territorial gains by splitting Sandžak with Serbia on 30 May 1913.
The Austro-Hungarian army wasn't very prepared, equipped or trained compared to both Serbia and Montenegro, both of which fought in the Balkan wars in previous years. Austria-Hungary had a massive population being 100 times more. But the Serbian population of Montenegro supported the Serbian war effort and pressured Montenegro to enter the war.
There is considerable disagreement about the actual conduct of the battle, [4] but the Montenegrins forced a numerically superior foe to retreat. The battle was intended to give the Royal Serbian Army enough time reach the Albanian mountains in their retreat to Corfu, but in fact, most of the Serbian troops had already crossed the mountains and reached the coast and were battling their way ...
Occupation of Montenegro may refer to: Austro-Hungarian occupation of Montenegro (1916-1918) during World War I Italian occupied territory of Montenegro (1941-1943) during World War II
World War II — World War II in Montenegro: Yugoslav Partisans Soviet Union (1944–45) Albania (1944–45) United Kingdom (1942–45) United States (limited involvement, 1943–45) Nazi Germany Italy (until 1943) Occupied Montenegro Government of National Salvation Croatia Montenegrin Chetniks Occupied Albania (1943–44) Allied victory