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This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
801: Death of Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya famous Arab Muslim saint and Sufi mystic.; 802: The Mecca Protocol: Caliph Harun al-Rashid and the leading officials of the Abbasid Caliphate perform the hajj to Mecca, where the line of succession is finalized.
In the Tughluq Empire, Muhammad Tughluq dies and Firuz Shah Tughluq assumes power. 1352: The Marinids again capture Algeria. Abu Said Othman is taken captive and killed. 1353: The Ilkhanate ends. The Ottoman Empire acquires the fortress of Tympa on the European side of the Hollespoint. The Muzaffarids conquer Shiraz and establish their capital ...
703: Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam of Shia Islam, is born. 705: Death of caliph Abd al-Malik. Accession of Al-Walid I as Umayyad Caliph. 711: Conquest of Spain by Tariq ibn Ziyad and of Transoxiana by Qutayba ibn Muslim. 712: Conquest of Sindh by Muhammad ibn Qasim; 713: Ali ibn Husayn, the fourth Imam of Shia was poisoned and martyred.
In 615, some of Muhammad's followers emigrated to the Ethiopian Aksumite Empire and founded a small colony. This was known as the Hijrah [11] [9] Tabari, Volume 6 [19] Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [20] 9 First Muslim Ambassador and Envoy: Mus`ab ibn `Umair: September 621 [21] [22] Musab ibn Umair al-Abdari was the first Muslim Ambassador.
1754: In Ottoman Empire death of Mahmud I and accession of Osman III. 1755: Division of the Mataram Sultanate, Indonesia, the last major independent Muslim state in Java before Dutch colonisation. 1757: In Ottoman Empire death of Osman III and accession of Mustafa III. 1761: Death of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi. Battle of Panipat.
613: Invitation of the close families of Muhammad to Islam; 613: Declaration at Mount Safa inviting the general public to Islam; 614: Birth of Aisha, Daughter of first caliph Abu Bakr and youngest wife of Muhammad. 614: Persecution of the Muslims by the Quraish. A party of Muslims migrates to Abyssinia. 615: Acceptance of Islam by Hamza and Umar