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This timeline of Islamic history relates the Gregorian and Islamic calendars in the history of Islam. This timeline starts with the lifetime of Muhammad, which is believed by non-Muslims to be when Islam started, [1] though not by Muslims. [2] [3] [4]
After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. [citation needed]
1526: Babur destroys the Delhi Sultanate at the Battle of Panipat, laying the foundation of the Mughal Empire. 1527: Babur annihilates the Rajput Confederacy of Rana Sanga at the Battle of Khanwa, ending the most dangerous threat to Muslim rule in India at the time. 1528: Babur defeats an Afghan army at the Battle of Kannauj.
This was also the end of 1000 years of Muslim rule over India. 1858: Feudal holdings abolished in the Ottoman Empire. 1859: Imam Shamil laid down arms before Russian forces and the Islamic State of Dagestan became a Russian province. 1860: Maulay Muhammad defeated by Spain.
1754: In Ottoman Empire death of Mahmud I and accession of Osman III. 1755: Division of the Mataram Sultanate, Indonesia, the last major independent Muslim state in Java before Dutch colonisation. 1757: In Ottoman Empire death of Osman III and accession of Mustafa III. 1761: Death of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi. Battle of Panipat.
In the Tughluq Empire, Muhammad Tughluq dies and Firuz Shah Tughluq assumes power. 1352: The Marinids again capture Algeria. Abu Said Othman is taken captive and killed. 1353: The Ilkhanate ends. The Ottoman Empire acquires the fortress of Tympa on the European side of the Hollespoint. The Muzaffarids conquer Shiraz and establish their capital ...
A third son, al-Qasim, is added as third heir, and receives responsibility over the frontier areas with the Byzantine empire. 803: Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution of Ja'far ibn Yahya. Marriage of caliph Harun al-Rashid and Umm Muhammad bint Salih. 805: Outbreak of revolt of Rafi ibn al-Layth in Khurasan.
703: Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth Imam of Shia Islam, is born. 705: Death of caliph Abd al-Malik. Accession of Al-Walid I as Umayyad Caliph. 711: Conquest of Spain by Tariq ibn Ziyad and of Transoxiana by Qutayba ibn Muslim. 712: Conquest of Sindh by Muhammad ibn Qasim; 713: Ali ibn Husayn, the fourth Imam of Shia was poisoned and martyred.