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An aridity index (AI) is a numerical indicator of the degree of dryness of the climate at a given location. The American Meteorological Society defined it in meteorology and climatology, as "the degree to which a climate lacks effective, life-promoting moisture".
Aridity ("drought") indexes that can be included in the article (after ): De Martonne Aridity Index; Emberger Aridity Index; UNEP Aridity Index; Thornthwaite Classification; Gaussen-Bagnouls Classification— Preceding unsigned comment added by 177.9.10.163 04:11, 2 September 2016 (UTC)
Martonne was born on 1 April 1873 in Chabris, Indre, France, [1] and was the son-in-law of Paul Vidal de la Blache. [2] In 1892, he entered the École Normale Supérieure. [3] He graduated three years later with a degree in history and geography. [1] After that, he worked with Ferdinand von Richthofen and Albrecht Penck. [1]
Thornthwaite developed four indices: the Moisture Index (Im), the aridity and humidity indexes (Ia/Ih), the Thermal Efficiency Index (TE) and the Summer Concentration of Thermal Efficiency (SCTE). Each of the four climatic types can be described by an English alphabet letter and are arranged exactly by the order shown previously. [ 5 ]
There is a significantly greater proportion of drylands in developing countries (72%), and the proportion increases with aridity: almost 100% of all hyper-arid lands are in the developing world. Nevertheless, the United States, Australia, and several countries in Southern Europe also contain significant dryland areas. [2]
The official weather station in Death Valley, United States reports 60 mm (2.4 in) annually, but in 40 months between 1931 and 1934 a total of just 16 mm (0.63 in) of rainfall was measured. To determine whether a location has an arid climate, the precipitation threshold is determined.
Unlike the 8.2-kiloyear event, the 4.2-kiloyear event has no prominent signal in the Gisp2 ice core that has an onset at 4.2 ka BP. [ citation needed ] A phase of intense aridity around 2200 BC is recorded across North Africa , [ 16 ] the Middle East , [ 17 ] the Red Sea , [ 18 ] the Arabian Peninsula , [ 19 ] the Indian subcontinent , [ 6 ...
Rules are provided for combining the stress (table 3) and humidity groups (table 2) to check a box classifying the humidity and aridity for each month. For each of six possible indicators, the number of months where that indicator was checked are added up, giving a yearly total. Schematic Design Recommendations. The yearly totals in table 4 ...