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Serious side effects may include bezoar formation and encephalopathy. [6] Use appears to be safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. [6] How it works is unclear but is believed to involve binding to the ulcer and protecting it from further damage. [3] [6] Sucralfate was approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. [3]
Because of its hormonal effects, cimetidine rarely may cause sexual dysfunction including loss of libido and erectile dysfunction and gynecomastia (0.1–0.2%) in males during long-term treatment. [16] [17] [18] Rarely, interstitial nephritis, urticaria, and angioedema have been reported with cimetidine treatment. [16]
Common antacids include aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide (Maalox) and calcium carbonate (Tums). Histamine H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors, such as famotidine (Pepcid) and omeprazole (Prilosec), respectively, can also be used to help relieve heartburn, with no known teratogenic effects or congenital malformations. [12]
Common side effects include headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, and dizziness. [4] Serious side effects may include pneumonia and seizures. [4] [5] Use in pregnancy appears safe but has not been well studied, while use during breastfeeding is not recommended. [1] Famotidine was patented in 1979 and came into medical use in 1985. [6]
Cimetidine was the prototypical histamine H 2 receptor antagonist from which later drugs were developed. Cimetidine was the culmination of a project at Smith, Kline & French (SK&F; now GlaxoSmithKline) by James W. Black, C. Robin Ganellin, and others to develop a histamine receptor antagonist that would suppress stomach acid secretion.
More research is needed on Ozempic long-term side effects. Some severe side effects with long-term consequences may include pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, gallstones, gallbladder disease ...
When these medications are used long term, the lowest effective dose should be taken. [4] They may also be taken only when symptoms occur in those with frequent problems. [5] Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole". There is a purported correlation (but no proven causal link) between the use of PPIs and the risk of dementia ...
Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine. [9] It is a first-generation antihistamine in the piperazine family of chemicals. [8] [4] Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, and dry mouth. [8] [9] Serious side effects may include QT prolongation. [9] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [8]