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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella Typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
Although the host may not be experiencing symptoms, the virus can still be passed on to others. It is also possible for the infection to become symptomatic after this incubation period. Whether the host is showing symptoms or not, opportunistic infections can take advantage of the weakened immune system and cause further complications.
For example, the human body louse transmits the bacterium Rickettsia prowazekii which causes epidemic typhus. Although invertebrate-transmitted diseases pose a particular threat on the continents of Africa, Asia and South America, there is one way of controlling invertebrate-borne diseases, which is by controlling the invertebrate vector.
Typhoid Mary, pictured above in a 1909 tabloid, was a famous case of a subclinical infection of Salmonella enterica serovar. A subclinical infection—sometimes called a preinfection or inapparent infection—is an infection by a pathogen that causes few or no signs or symptoms of infection in the host. [1]
Human metapneumovirus infection No Ehrlichia chaffeensis: Human monocytic ehrlichiosis: PCR: Doxycycline: No One of the human papillomaviruses: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection Yes: Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) Human parainfluenza virus infection Under research [19] [20] Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) Human T-lymphotropic virus ...
Salmonellosis is a symptomatic infection caused by bacteria of the Salmonella type. [1] It is the most common disease to be known as food poisoning (though the name refers to food-borne illness in general), these are defined as diseases, usually either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food.
[8] [14] R. typhi appears to be in a truly commensal relationship with these insect and non-human hosts, as it only produces an asymptomatic infection that has no effect on host life span or reproductivity. [14] Because of its versatility in transmission, the R. typhi bacterium is very successful in perpetuating its numbers in endemic regions. [14]
Humans are the only animals infected. [1] Diagnosis may be based on symptoms and confirmed by either culturing the bacteria or detecting the bacterial DNA in the blood, stool, or bone marrow. [1] [3] Culturing the bacteria can be difficult. [3] Bone-marrow testing is the most accurate. [4] Symptoms are similar to those of many other infectious ...