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Palm kernel cake is a high-fibre, medium-grade protein feed best suited to ruminants. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Among other similar fodders , palm kernel cake is ranked a little higher than copra cake and cocoa pod husk, [ 5 ] but lower than fish meal and groundnut cake , especially in its protein value.
Palm kernel oil is commonly used in commercial cooking because it is lower in cost than other oils, remains stable at high cooking temperature, and can be stored longer than other vegetable oils. [10] [11] The approximate concentration of fatty acids (FAs) in palm kernel oil is as follows: [12]
The FAO considers palm oil (coming from the pulp) and palm kernels to be primary products. The oil extraction rate from a bunch varies from 17 to 27% for palm oil, and from 4 to 10% for palm kernels. [18] Along with coconut oil, palm oil is one of the few highly saturated vegetable fats and is semisolid at room temperature. [19]
The palm fruit is reddish, about the size of a large plum, and grows in large bunches. Each fruit is made up of an oily, fleshy outer layer (the pericarp), with a single seed (the palm kernel ), also rich in oil.
For every tonne of palm oil produced from fresh fruit bunches, a farmer harvests around 6 tonnes of waste palm fronds, 1 tonne of palm trunks, 5 tonnes of empty fruit bunches, 1 tonne of press fiber (from the mesocarp of the fruit), half a tonne of palm kernel endocarp, 250 kg of palm kernel press cake, and 100 tonnes of palm oil mill effluent.
LCA has been applied to assess the environmental impact of production of oil palm seedlings, [100] oil palm fresh fruit bunches, [101] crude palm oil, [101] crude palm kernel oil [101] and refined palm oil. [102] The assessment on downstream industries such as bio-diesel, [103] was also conducted.
Palm kernel, the edible seed of the oil palm tree; a code of the Parkes Airport; Południowy Koncern Energetyczny, a Polish power company; Post-Keynesian economics, a school of economic thought; Public Key Encryption, from asymmetrical cryptography; Presidents and Key Executives MBA, a degree granted by Pepperdine University
Coconut oil (or coconut fat) is an edible oil derived from the kernels, meat, and milk of the coconut palm fruit. [1] Coconut oil is a white solid fat below around 25 °C (77 °F), and a clear thin liquid oil at higher temperatures. Unrefined varieties have a distinct coconut aroma. [2]