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Fructose (/ ˈ f r ʌ k t oʊ s,-oʊ z /), or fruit sugar, is a ketonic simple sugar found in many plants, where it is often bonded to glucose to form the disaccharide sucrose.It is one of the three dietary monosaccharides, along with glucose and galactose, that are absorbed by the gut directly into the blood of the portal vein during digestion.
The absence of fructokinase results in the inability to phosphorylate fructose to fructose-1-phosphate within the cell. As a result, fructose is neither trapped within the cell nor directed toward its metabolism. [11] Free fructose concentrations in the liver increase and fructose is free to leave the cell and enter plasma.
Cellulose is used in the cell walls of plants and other organisms and is said to be the most abundant organic molecule on Earth. [6] It has many uses such as a significant role in the paper and textile industries and is used as a feedstock for the production of rayon (via the viscose process), cellulose acetate, celluloid, and nitrocellulose.
Levan is a naturally occurring fructan present in many plants and microorganisms. [1] This polymer is made up of fructose , a monosaccharide sugar, connected by 2,6 beta glycosidic linkages . Levan can have both branched and linear structures of relatively low molecular weight. [ 2 ]
A fructan is a polymer of fructose molecules. Fructans with a short chain length are known as fructooligosaccharides. Fructans can be found in over 12% of the angiosperms including both monocots and dicots [1] such as agave, artichokes, asparagus, leeks, garlic, onions (including spring onions), yacón, jícama, barley and wheat.
The chemical formula of cellulose is (C 6 H 10 O 5) n where n is the degree of polymerization and represents the number of glucose groups. [21] Plant-derived cellulose is usually found in a mixture with hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and other substances, while bacterial cellulose is quite pure, has a much higher water content and higher tensile ...
After resorption in the gut, the monosaccharides are transported, through the portal vein, to the liver, where all non-glucose monosacharids (fructose, galactose) are transformed into glucose as well. [4] Glucose (blood sugar) is distributed to cells in the tissues, where it is broken down via cellular respiration, or stored as glycogen.
Also, 1-kestose has less than 50 fructose residues in the chain and is also called inulin type fructooligosaccharide. [2] Kestoses are categorized based on their structure into 3 main groups: 1-kestose, 6-kestose, neokestose. The most common of them is 1-kestose which is found in many plants. [3]