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  2. Boron trifluoride - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_trifluoride

    In an alternative explanation, the low Lewis acidity for BF 3 is attributed to the relative weakness of the bond in the adducts F 3 B−L. [19] [20] Yet another explanation might be found in the fact that the p z orbitals in each higher period have an extra nodal plane and opposite signs of the wave function on each side of that plane. This ...

  3. Molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_geometry

    Geometry of the water molecule with values for O-H bond length and for H-O-H bond angle between two bonds. Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. It includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that ...

  4. Trigonal planar molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal_planar_molecular...

    In chemistry, trigonal planar is a molecular geometry model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle, called peripheral atoms, all in one plane. [1] In an ideal trigonal planar species, all three ligands are identical and all bond angles are 120°. Such species belong to the point group D 3h.

  5. Bent's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent's_rule

    Shape of water molecule showing that the real bond angle 104.5° deviates from the ideal sp 3 angle of 109.5°.. In chemistry, Bent's rule describes and explains the relationship between the orbital hybridization and the electronegativities of substituents.

  6. Z-matrix (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-matrix_(chemistry)

    In chemistry, the Z-matrix is a way to represent a system built of atoms.A Z-matrix is also known as an internal coordinate representation.It provides a description of each atom in a molecule in terms of its atomic number, bond length, bond angle, and dihedral angle, the so-called internal coordinates, [1] [2] although it is not always the case that a Z-matrix will give information regarding ...

  7. VSEPR theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSEPR_theory

    Example of bent electron arrangement (water molecule). Shows location of unpaired electrons, bonded atoms, and bond angles. The bond angle for water is 104.5°. Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ ˈ v ɛ s p ər, v ə ˈ s ɛ p ər / VESP-ər, [1]: 410 və-SEP-ər [2]) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of ...

  8. Ball-and-stick model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball-and-stick_model

    In a good model, the angles between the rods should be the same as the angles between the bonds, and the distances between the centers of the spheres should be proportional to the distances between the corresponding atomic nuclei. The chemical element of each atom is often indicated by the sphere's color. [2]

  9. Dihedral angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihedral_angle

    In stereochemistry, a torsion angle is defined as a particular example of a dihedral angle, describing the geometric relation of two parts of a molecule joined by a chemical bond. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Every set of three non-colinear atoms of a molecule defines a half-plane.