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The crisis of the Middle Ages was a series of events in the 14th and 15th centuries that ended centuries of European stability during the late Middle Ages. [1] Three major crises led to radical changes in all areas of society: demographic collapse, political instability, and religious upheavals.
At 10:10 pm, an army officer picked up a megaphone and urged the protesters to disperse. [169] At about 10:30 p.m., still being pummeled by rocks thrown by protesters, the 38th Army troops opened fire. [169] The crowds were stunned that the army was using live ammunition and fell back towards Muxidi Bridge.
The revolutions had lasting effects in shaping the future European political landscape, with, for example, the collapse of the German Empire and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. [3] World War I mobilized millions of troops, reshaped political powers and drove social turmoil. From the turmoil outright revolutions broke out, massive strikes ...
Political violence varies widely in form, severity, and practice. In political science, a common organizing framework is to consider the types of violence which are used by the relevant actors: violence between non-state actors, one-sided violence which is perpetrated by a state actor against civilians, and violence between states.
In the course of government, the crisis results when one or more of the parties to a political dispute willfully chooses to violate a law of the constitution; or to flout an unwritten constitutional convention; or to dispute the correct, legal interpretation of the violated constitutional law or of the flouted political custom.
1926: Bloody Sunday, political clashes that occurred in Colmar, Alsace on August 22, 1926. 1934: 6 February 1934 crisis, an anti-parliamentarist street demonstration in Paris organized by far-right leagues that culminated in a riot; 1936: General strike by one million workers; 1947: 1947 strikes in France, a series of insurrectional strikes
This same period saw an increase of the importance of political "clubs" in French politics. Foremost among these was the Jacobin Club. While the Assembly met in Versailles, it was an unnamed group of Breton deputies to propose legislation. With the move to Paris, the group acquired a name and expanded its membership, first to other like-minded ...
The rise of industrialism had created a series of social science, economic, and political problems, particularly in managing supply and demand in their political economy, the management of resources for military and developmental use, the creation of mass education systems to train individuals in symbolic reasoning and problems in managing the ...