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Pyrolysis is the process of thermal decomposition of materials at elevated temperatures, often in an inert atmosphere [1] without access to oxygen. Etymology.
Pyrolysis oil, sometimes also known as biocrude or bio-oil, is a synthetic fuel with few industrial application and under investigation as substitute for petroleum. It is obtained by heating dried biomass without oxygen in a reactor at a temperature of about 500 °C (900 °F) with subsequent cooling, separation from the aqueous phase and other ...
Pyrolysis is a related process to HTL, but biomass must be processed and dried in order to increase the yield. [22] The presence of water in pyrolysis drastically increases the heat of vaporization of the organic material, increasing the energy required to decompose the biomass.
The composition, phase distribution and structure of PDCs depend on the polymer precursor compounds used and the pyrolysis conditions applied. The key advantage of this type of ceramic material is the versatility afforded by the use of polymeric precursors in terms of processing and shaping.
Pyrolysis gasoline or pygas is a naphtha-range product with high aromatics content. [1] It is a by-product of high temperature naphtha cracking during ethylene and propylene production, a high octane number mixture that contains aromatics from the aromatization reactions, olefins , and paraffins ranging from C5s to C12s.
Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment of biomass at 200 to 320 °C (392 to 608 °F). It is carried out under atmospheric pressure and in the absence of oxygen.During the torrefaction process, the water contained in the biomass as well as superfluous volatiles are released, and the biopolymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) partly decompose, giving off various types of volatiles. [4]
The pyrolysis (or devolatilization) process occurs at around 200–300 °C. Volatiles are released and char is produced, resulting in up to 70% weight loss for coal. The process is dependent on the properties of the carbonaceous material and determines the structure and composition of the char, which will then undergo gasification reactions.
Biochar carbon removal (also called pyrogenic carbon capture and storage) is a negative emissions technology.It involves the production of biochar through pyrolysis of residual biomass and the subsequent application of the biochar in soils or durable materials (e.g. cement, tar).