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A 2017 report from the Bureau of Justice Statistics noted that 54.3% of prisoners and 35% of jail inmates who had experienced serious psychological distress in the past 30 days have received mental health treatment since admission to the current facility, and 63% of prisoners and 44.5% of jail inmates with a history of a mental health problem ...
Several studies have found that rates of mental illness in prisons are higher than those in the general population and that rates of mental illness in women's prisons are higher than those in men's prisons. [10] [34] In 1999 a report for the Department of Justice estimated16% of the prison population had some form of mental disorder. However ...
In both cases, TCs have been successful in reducing recidivism. For example, the Stay'n Out program was shown to reduce recidivism rates for both women and men. Furthermore, women who stayed in the program for 9 to 12 months were more likely to successfully complete their parole compared to their male counterparts. [10]
The recidivism rate in California as of 2008–2009 is 61%. [74] Recidivism has reduced slightly in California from the years of 2002 to 2009 by 5.2%. [74] However, California still has one of the highest recidivism rates in the nation. This high recidivism rate contributes greatly to the overcrowding of jails and prisons in California. [75]
Decarceration includes overlapping reformist and abolitionist strategies, from "front door" options such as sentencing reform, decriminalization, diversion and mental health treatment to "back door" approaches, exemplified by parole reform and early release into re-entry programs, [5] amnesty for inmates convicted of non-violent offenses and imposition of prison capacity limits. [6]
While incarcerated, prisoners face higher rates of chronic and infectious diseases, mental illness, and substance use disorders. [31] After release, the difficulties faced during reentry exacerbate these health conditions, which is demonstrated by a link between incarceration history and poorer physical and mental health.
Lack of stable housing and resources to combat mental health and drug and alcohol abuse create obstacles for formerly incarcerated to successfully reintegrate. [33] Former prisoners are incarcerated multiple times, increasing recidivism rates, because of many factors that often do not include real crime.
Incarceration can aggravate mental illness. According to detention center administrators who testified to United States Congress in a 2004 Special Investigation by the House of Representatives, many incarcerated youths could have avoided incarceration had they received mental health treatment. [19]