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A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a secure cryptoprocessor that implements the ISO/IEC 11889 standard. Common uses are verifying that the boot process starts from a trusted combination of hardware and software and storing disk encryption keys.
The original IBM PC could be equipped with as little as 16 KB of RAM and typically had between 64 and 640 KB; depending on the amount of equipped memory, the computer's 4.77 MHz 8088 required between 5 seconds and 1.5 minutes to complete the POST and there was no way to skip it.
This allows user-level code to allocate private regions of memory, called enclaves, which are designed to be protected from processes running at higher privilege levels. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A TEE as an isolated execution environment provides security features such as isolated execution, integrity of applications executing with the TEE, and ...
The measurements of the ACM and BIOS code modules are extended to PCR0, which is said to hold the static core root of trust measurement (CRTM) as well as the measurement of the BIOS Trusted Computing Base (TCB). The BIOS measures additional components into PCRs as follows: PCR0 – CRTM, BIOS code, and Host Platform Extensions [a]
[4] SGX involves encryption by the CPU of a portion of memory (the enclave). Data and code originating in the enclave are decrypted on the fly within the CPU, [4] protecting them from being examined or read by other code, [4] including code running at higher privilege levels such as the operating system and any underlying hypervisors.
Dell was the subject of a class action lawsuit in 2005 over some of their Inspiron laptops (models affected include the 1100, 1150, 5100, 5150, and 5160). The suit was filed in September 2005, and was officially settled between December 2006 and January 2007, in what is known as the Lundell Settlement. [ 8 ]
The endorsement key is a 2048-bit RSA public and private key pair that is created randomly on the chip at manufacture time and cannot be changed. The private key never leaves the chip, while the public key is used for attestation and for encryption of sensitive data sent to the chip, as occurs during the TPM_TakeOwnership command.
A test site is available on the Internet. [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In short, keys that fit this format have significantly low entropy and can be attacked relatively efficiently (weeks to months), and the format can be confirmed ("fingerprinted") by the attacker very quickly (microseconds).