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After the two territories merged to become the state of Oklahoma, in 1907, the Oklahoma School for the Deaf (OSD) was established in Sulphur, Oklahoma. In 1908, classes were held in rented buildings and hotels in the Sulphur business district. [b] Edna Patch was the first graduate of this school in Oklahoma, class of 1907. She later became the ...
Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam in which Muslims seek divine love and truth through direct personal experience of God. [1] This mystic tradition within Islam developed in several stages of growth, emerging first in the form of early asceticism, based on the teachings of Hasan al-Basri, before entering the second stage of more classical mysticism of divine love, as promoted by al-Ghazali ...
Sufism emerged early on in Islamic history, partly as a reaction against the expansion of the early Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) and mainly under the tutelage of Hasan al-Basri. Although Sufis were opposed to dry legalism, they strictly observed Islamic law and belonged to various schools of Islamic jurisprudence and theology. [7]
Sufi philosophy includes the schools of thought unique to Sufism, the mystical tradition within Islam, [1] also termed as Tasawwuf or Faqr according to its adherents. Sufism and its philosophical tradition may be associated with both Sunni and Shia branches of Islam. [1]
Akbari Sufism or Akbarism (Arabic: أكبرية: Akbariyya) is a branch of Sufi metaphysics based on the teachings of Ibn Arabi, an Andalusian Sufi who was a gnostic and philosopher. The word is derived from Ibn Arabi 's nickname, " Shaykh al-Akbar," meaning "the greatest master."
Salafism and Sufism are two major scholarly movements which have been influential in Sunni Muslim societies. [1] The debates between Salafi and Sufi schools of thought have dominated the Sunni world since the classical era, splitting their influence across religious communities and cultures, with each school competing for scholarly authority via official and unofficial religious institutions.
Since it was founded the Naqshbandi order has split into multiple sub-orders founded by several prominent figures within the chain of succession. 'Ubeydullah Ahrar founded the Naqshbandiyya Ahrariyya; Ahmad Sirhindi founded the Naqshbandiyya Mujaddidiyya; Shamsuddin Mazhar founded the Naqshbandiyya Mazhariyya; and Mawlana Khalid founded the ...
Followers of the Ash'arite creed in the east were often suspicious of Sufism as well, most often citing Sufi metaphysics as well. [16] However, it is important to note that Ibn Arabi was influenced by Al Ghazali, who himself was a strong supporter of the Ash'arite creed.