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2. TOPS System - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOPS_System

   It is designed to treat patients diagnosed with common degenerative spinal diseases, including lumbar spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, and other facet joint conditions. One of the differences between the TOPS System and traditional fusion surgery is that the TOPS device allows the patient physical stability and a greater range of movement in ...

3. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency controversy

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_cerebrospinal...

   [1] [22] Five ultrasound criteria of venous drainage have been proposed to be characteristic of the syndrome, although two are considered sufficient for diagnosis of CCSVI: [1] [22] [35] reflux in the internal jugular and vertebral veins, reflux in the deep cerebral veins, high-resolution B-mode ultrasound evidence of stenosis of the internal ...

4. Lumbar spinal stenosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar_spinal_stenosis

   Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the nerves and blood vessels at the level of the lumbar vertebrae. Spinal stenosis may also affect the cervical or thoracic region, in which case it is known as cervical spinal stenosis or thoracic spinal stenosis. Lumbar spinal stenosis can ...

5. Spinal stenosis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_stenosis

   Such severe spinal stenosis symptoms are virtually absent in lumbar stenosis, however, as the spinal cord terminates at the top end of the adult lumbar spine, with only nerve roots (cauda equina) continuing further down. [15] Cervical spinal stenosis is a condition involving narrowing of the spinal canal at the level of the neck.

6. Spinal fusion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fusion

   Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.

7. Minimally invasive spine surgery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_spine...

   There are many spinal procedures that make use of minimally invasive techniques. They can involve cutting away tissue (), fixing adjacent vertebrae to one another (spinal fusion), and replacing bone or other tissue.The main philosophy is least bloods, tissue damage, and keep bone/tissue architecture The name of the procedure often includes the region of the spine that is operated on, including ...