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Twenty-four known prisoner-of-war camps existed across Canada during the First World War. The ethnic groups arrested and detained in internment camps were Austro-Hungarians (mostly Ukrainians) and Germans. Austro-Hungarian Prisoners were mainly residents of Canada from Ukraine, part of Serbia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia.
756 German sailors, mostly captured in East Asia were sent from camps in India to Canada in June 1941 (Camp 33). [31] By 19 April 1941, 61 prisoners had made a break for liberty from Canadian internment camps. The escapees included 28 German prisoners who escaped from the internment camp east of Port Arthur, Ontario in April 1941. [32]
The year 2014 marked the 100th anniversary of Canada's War Measures Act – adopted on August 22, 1914 during the First World War. It was used to imprison Ukrainian Canadians, and other ethnic groups including members of the German, Hungarian, Serbian, Croatian and Armenian communities, into one of Canada's 24 World War I internment camps. [11]
Between 6.6–9 million soldiers surrendered and were held in prisoner-of-war camps during World War I. [1] [2]25–31% of Russian losses (as a proportion of those captured, wounded, or killed) were to prisoner status, for Austria-Hungary 32%, for Italy 26%, for France 12%, for Germany 9%; for Britain 7%.
Unlike Japanese American internment, where families were generally kept together, Canada initially sent its male evacuees to road camps in the British Columbian interior, to sugar beet projects on the Prairies, or to internment in a POW camp in Ontario, while women and children were moved to six inland British Columbia towns.
Of these, the legacy of German internment camps in Canada remains particularly undocumented. German Canadians were registered as enemy aliens and around 8000 were interned in camps across the country – including in Vernon, BC. [12] These camps were often remote locations, with poor living conditions, and inadequate healthcare. [5]
Camp Hughes was a Canadian military training camp, located in the Municipality of North Cypress – Langford west of the town of Carberry in Manitoba, Canada. It was actively used for Army training from 1909 to 1934 and as a communications station from the early 1960s until 1991. Camp Hughes was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in
Battalion Park is a geoglyph site in southwest Calgary, Alberta, Canada.It is on Signal Hill, overlooking the Tsuu T'ina Nation (formerly Sarcee Nation), as well as lands formerly known as Camp Sarcee and later Sarcee Training Area, a military reserve used by the Canadian Forces from before the First World War up until the 1990s.