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Torque specifications vary by vehicle and wheel type. Both vehicle and wheel manufacturers provide recommended torque values which should be consulted when an installation is done. Failure to abide by the recommended torque value can result in damage to the wheel and brake rotor/drum. Additionally, under-tightened lug nuts may come loose with time.
Installing a wheel with a lug wrench thus requires a bit of rough guessing about proper tightness. Excessive force can strip threads or make the nuts very difficult to remove. Also, uneven torque between the various lug nuts, or excessive torque, can lead to warping of the brake rotor if the car is equipped with disc brakes.
Another variation of lug nut is the "locking wheel nut", which is used as a theft prevention method to keep thieves from stealing a vehicle's wheels. When utilizing locking wheel nuts, one standard lug nut on each wheel is replaced with a nut that requires a unique key (typically a computer-designed, rounded star shape) to fit and remove the nut.
Effective torque (often referred to as wheel torque or torque to the wheels) is a concept primarily associated with automotive tuning. Torque can be measured using a dynamometer. Common units used in automotive applications can include foot-pounds and Newton·meters. [1] The formula for effective torque to the wheels is: [2] Tw = Te * N tf * η ...
The engine is a 6 cylinder petrol producing 280 bhp and 335 nm of torque to the rear driving wheels. 0–60 miles per hour in 6.3 seconds and a top speed of 162 miles per hour. The B10 3.3 was available to buy in a 5 speed manual ZF gearbox or a switchtronic gearbox and only 240 were ever made.
A common type of loose wheel nut indicators are small pointed tags, usually made of fluorescent orange or yellow plastic, which are fixed to the lug nuts of the wheels of large vehicles. [2] The tag rotates with the nut, and if the nut becomes loose, the point of the tag shifts noticeably out of alignment with the other tags.
The first BMW M5, based on the E28 5 Series, was manufactured from October 1984 to June 1988. [8] It made its debut at the Amsterdam Motor Show in February 1985. [9] It was based on the 535i chassis with various mechanical changes, most notably the M88/3 engine (shared with the E24 M635CSi grand tourer coupé) which was an updated version of the engine used in the M1 sports car. [8]
With lug bolts, on the other hand, the whole hub usually has to be replaced in case of stripped threads in the hub. One motivation for using lug bolts instead of wheel studs and nuts the number of parts that needs to be attached to the wheel hub. Wheel studs and lug nuts consist of two parts, while the lug bolt is a single part.
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