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[1] [2] [3] Freikörperkultur, which translates as ' free body culture ', includes both the health aspects of being nude in light, air, and sun, and an intention to reform life and society. [1] It is partly identified with the culture of nudity, specifically naturism and nudism, which encompasses communal nudity of people and families during ...
There are some 147 naturist/FKK societies in Germany that are part of the national Deutscher Verband für Freikörperkultur (German Association for Free Body Culture), with a further 14 affiliated societies in Kärnten, Austria, [14] along with a plethora of official beaches, and FKK zones in city parks. [15]
Freikörperkultur ('free body culture') represented a return to nature and the elimination of shame. In the 1960s naturism moved from being a small subculture to part of a general rejection of restrictions on the body. Women reasserted the right to uncover their breasts in public, which had been the norm until the 17th century.
The movement also included freikörperkultur (FKK, free body culture; also known as naturism), [3] physical culture, gymnastics, and expressionist dance. By the 1920s, Germany had even produced a cinematic cultural feature film titled Ways to Strength and Beauty, which promoted and idealized health and beauty in conformity with nature.
Many designated Freikörperkultur (FKK – Free Body Culture) areas exist at the seaside, at lakes and in baths, especially in the former East Germany, where nudism remains more widespread than in the west.
Adolf Karl Hubert Koch (9 April 1897 in Berlin [1] – 2 July 1970) was a German educationalist and sports teacher. He was the founder of a gymnastics movement named after him and a pioneer of the Freikörperkultur (free body culture) movement in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s, which in turn was part of the larger Lebensreform movement.
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Richard Ungewitter (December 18, 1869 in Artern, Province of Saxony – December 17, 1958 in Stuttgart) was a German naturist and pioneer of the Freikörperkultur (free body culture) movement and one of its first organizers. There was a völkisch element in Ungewitter's ideas.