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After the Declaration of Independence, slavery in the US was progressively abolished in the north, but only finished by the 13th Amendment in 1865 near the end of the American Civil War. Modern US labor law mostly comes from statutes passed between 1935 and 1974, and changing interpretations of the US Supreme Court. [11]
Indentured servitude is a form of labor in which a person is contracted to work without salary for a specific number of years. The contract called an "indenture", may be entered voluntarily for a prepaid lump sum, as payment for some good or service (e.g. travel), purported eventual compensation, or debt repayment.
The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.The amendment was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House of Representatives on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the required 27 of the then 36 states on December 6, 1865, and proclaimed on December 18.
Three Reconstruction Amendments were passed and ratified after the Civil War, which ended in 1865. The Thirteenth Amendment is the least cited in case law by the judiciary.
Text of the 13th Amendment. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for a crime. [6] It was passed by the U.S. Senate on April 8, 1864, and, after one unsuccessful vote and extensive legislative maneuvering by the Lincoln administration, the House followed suit on January 31, 1865. [7]
Child Labor Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was proposed. Only 28 of the necessary 36 states ever ratified it. 9 September 1924 (United States) 16 Filipino strikers killed during the Hanapepe massacre. [35] 1925 (United States) Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters founded. [30] 1925 (United States)
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, minimum wage and overtime; West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937) upholding the legality of the minimum wage, reversing Adkins; United States v. Darby Lumber Co., 312 U.S. 100 (1941) held that all labor standards could be regulated consistently with the Commerce Clause, reversing Hammer
Lincoln set up the Freedmen's Bureau in March 1865, to aid former enslaved people in finding education, health care, and employment. The final abolition of slavery was achieved by the Thirteenth Amendment, ratified in December 1865. [4]