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Klieg lights. A Klieg light is an intense carbon arc lamp especially used in filmmaking.It is named after inventor John Kliegl and his brother Anton Kliegl.Klieg lights usually have a Fresnel lens with a spherical reflector or an ellipsoidal reflector with a lens train containing two plano-convex lenses or a single step lens.
[33] [29] The takeover of the incandescent lamp would be inexorable. [36] [37] [29] From about 1908, motion picture studios were using the company's floor-stand arc lamps, which allowed for point-source lighting, including some of the first low-light effects; the shadow produced by the two pairs of carbon rods can be seen in some early films. [38]
An arc lamp or arc light is a lamp that produces light by an electric arc (also called a voltaic arc). The carbon arc light, which consists of an arc between carbon electrodes in air, invented by Humphry Davy in the first decade of the 1800s, was the first practical electric light .
The Xenon arc lamp was introduced in Germany in 1957 and in the US in 1963. After film platters became commonplace in the 1970s, Xenon lamps became the most common light source, as they could stay lit for extended periods of time, whereas a carbon rod used for a carbon arc could last for an hour at the most.
The arc then continues to burn, gradually consuming the carbon electrodes and the intervening plaster, which melts at the same pace. The first candles were powered by a Gramme machine . The drawback of using direct current was that one of the rods would burn at twice the rate of the other.
In the late 1960s German television producers requested lamp developer OSRAM to create a safer and cleaner replacement for carbon arc lighting used by the film industry. Osram developed and began producing HMI lamps at their request. [2] Philips produced a variation on the HMI, a single-ended version called MSR (medium source rare-earth). It ...
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Reflectors can also be used to selectively reduce or eliminate unwanted thermal emission. Incandescent lamps produce light through heating of the filament, while arc lamps produce light through the heating and ionization of a gas. In either case, this heat is also emitted from the lamp as infrared light.