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  2. Ionization energies of the elements (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energies_of_the...

    The first of these quantities is used in atomic physics, the second in chemistry, but both refer to the same basic property of the element. To convert from "value of ionization energy" to the corresponding "value of molar ionization energy", the conversion is: 1 eV = 96.48534 kJ/mol 1 kJ/mol = 0.0103642688 eV [12]

  3. Ionization energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy

    The adiabatic ionization energy of a molecule is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral molecule, i.e. the difference between the energy of the vibrational ground state of the neutral species (v" = 0 level) and that of the positive ion (v' = 0). The specific equilibrium geometry of each species does not ...

  4. Molar ionization energies of the elements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies...

    The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further removal of an electron from a singly, doubly, etc., charged ion. For ionization energies measured in the unit eV, see Ionization energies of the elements (data page). All data from rutherfordium onwards is ...

  5. Periodic trends - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_trends

    The ionization energy is the minimum amount of energy that an electron in a gaseous atom or ion has to absorb to come out of the influence of the attracting force of the nucleus. It is also referred to as ionization potential. The first ionization energy is the amount of energy that is required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom.

  6. Energy level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_level

    An energy level is regarded as degenerate if there is more than ... there are 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc. ionization energies for removing the 1st ... Computational chemistry;

  7. Koopmans' theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koopmans'_theorem

    The energy of the second-highest MO 3a 1 refers to the ion in the excited state (1a 1) 2 (2a 1) 2 (1b 2) 2 (3a 1) 1 (1b 1) 2, and so on. In this case the order of the ion electronic states corresponds to the order of the orbital energies. Excited-state ionization energies can be measured by photoelectron spectroscopy.

  8. Paschen's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paschen's_law

    If the electron is in an electric field of 43 MV/m, it will be accelerated and acquire 21.5 eV of energy in 0.5 μm of travel in the direction of the field. The first ionization energy needed to dislodge an electron from nitrogen molecule is about 15.6 eV. The accelerated electron will acquire more than enough energy to ionize a nitrogen molecule.

  9. Rydberg state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg_state

    The ionization energy threshold is the energy required to completely liberate an electron from the ionic core of an atom or molecule. In practice, a Rydberg wave packet is created by a laser pulse on a hydrogenic atom and thus populates a superposition of Rydberg states. [ 3 ]