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As welfare policies in Europe became known and polarization problems – elderly poverty, poor children, etc. – intensified, political discourse on welfare formed in Korea. Many people insisted on strengthening welfare as the OECD ranking of the welfare budget relative to GDP was lower than that of the United States, a neoliberal country.
By 1989 South Korea had universal health coverage. [3] Other social insurance programmes include Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) (South Korea's first social insurance program, introduced in 1964), and Employment Insurance (EI) (introduced in 1995). [3] The recent trend in South Korea is towards increased welfare spending.
South Korea introduced its Basic Old-Age Pension in 2008 as part of its pension system.According to the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, the Basic Old-Age Pension is "designed to enhance welfare of the elderly by providing a monthly pension payment to the elderly in need."
The Social Service Personnel [1] (Korean: 사회복무요원, 社會服務要員) is a system of compulsory employment in South Korea. It is the country's largest type of transitional and alternative civilian service system.
Adoption from South Korea began in 1955 when Bertha and Harry Holt went to Korea and adopted eight war orphans after passing a law through Congress. [6] Their work resulted in the founding of Holt International Children's Services. The first Korean babies sent to Europe went to Sweden via the Social Welfare Society in the mid-1960s.
A 2018 Korea University degree paper conducted a study on how social welfare policies improve economic inequality. The income of the top 10% was about 6.6 times the income of the lowest 10% in 1990. As of 2016 this has increased to about 10 times.
In South Korea, during the military dictatorship in the 1970s and 1980s, the government pursued a "social purification" program that forced thousands of people off the streets into welfare centers. [1] [2] A catalyst that intensified this, was the 1986 Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Olympics.
OECD listed several factors among the reasons for poverty in Korea. First, public social spending in South Korea is low. Social spending by the government in South Korea was 7.6% of GDP in 2007, compared to the OECD average of 19%. [4] This can be explained by the Korean traditional reliance on family and the private sector to provide such ...