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Among older children, the peak frequency of night terrors is one or two episodes per month. The children will most likely not recollect the episode the next day. Pediatric evaluation may be sought to exclude the possibility that seizure disorders or breathing problems cause night terrors. [18] Most children will outgrow sleep terrors. [19]
The onset of symptoms is usually within 2 and 3 hours of sleep onset (at the time of transition from slow-wave sleep to a lighter sleep stage) and those events can last from 10 to 30 minutes. Patients generally wake up without any recollection of the event. It is necessary to distinguish confusional arousals in adults from children. [3]
The Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI) is a behavioral rating checklist created by Kenneth Gadow and Joyce Sprafkin that evaluates a range of behaviors related to common emotional and behavioral disorders identified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder ...
Nightmare disorders can also be associated with sleep disorders such as night terrors, chronic insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing. [5] The presence of nightmares before a trauma would influence severity of PTSD symptoms. [12] Furthermore, having nightmares is linked to a significantly higher risk of attempting suicide and of death by ...
The Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) is a 35-item parent-report questionnaire designed to identify children with difficulties in psychosocial functioning. Its primary purpose is to alert pediatricians at an early point about which children would benefit from further assessment. [ 1 ]
The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a widely used caregiver report form identifying problem behavior in children. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is widely used in both research and clinical practice with youths. It has been translated into more than 90 languages, [ 3 ] and normative data are available integrating information from multiple societies.
Nightmare disorder is defined as recurrent nightmares associated with awakening dysphoria that impairs sleep or daytime functioning. [1] [2] It is rare in children, however persists until adulthood. [11] [35] About 2/3 of the adult population report experiencing nightmares at least once in their life. [11]
The prevalence of nightmares in children (5–12 years old) is between 20 and 30%, and for adults between 8 and 30%. [4] In common language, the meaning of nightmare has extended as a metaphor to many bad things, such as a bad situation or a scary monster or person.