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  2. Bunga mas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunga_mas

    A golden tree, part of the bunga mas sent by one of the northern Malay states to the Siamese court, collection of Muzium Negara, Kuala Lumpur. The bunga emas dan perak (lit. "golden and silver flowers", Thai: ต้นไม้เงินต้นไม้ทอง RTGS: ton mai ngoen ton mai thong), often abbreviated to bunga mas (Jawi: بوڠا مس ‎ "golden flowers"), was a form of ...

  3. Mandala (political model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandala_(political_model)

    The obligations on each side of the relationship varied according to the strength of the relationship and the circumstances. In general, the tributary was obliged to pay bunga mas, a regular tribute of various valuable goods and slaves, and miniature trees of gold and silver (bunga mas dan perak). The overlord ruler reciprocated with presents ...

  4. Yakan people - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakan_people

    Filipino Americans portraying the traditional makeup and attire of a newlywed Yakan couple. The Seputangan is the most intricate design worn by the women around their waist or as a head cloth. The Palipattang is patterned after the color of the rainbow while the bunga-sama, after the python. Almost every Yakan fabric can be described as unique ...

  5. Simbang Gabi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simbang_Gabi

    Simbang Gabi originated in 1669 during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, as a practical compromise for farmers who began working before sunrise.When the Christmas season would begin, it was customary to hold novenas in the evenings, which was more common in the rest of the Hispanic world, but the priests saw that the people would attend despite the day's fatigue.

  6. Siamese invasion of Kedah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamese_invasion_of_Kedah

    The bunga mas was sent triennially to the Bangkok court. During the Burmese Invasion of Phuket in 1809, Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Halim Shah II, who was known in Thai sources as "Tuanku Pangeran" (Thai: ตวนกูปะแงหรัน), contributed a sizable force from Kedah to aid the Siamese against the Burmese.

  7. The meaning of this Filipino tattoo method is deeper than skin

    www.aol.com/meaning-filipino-tattoo-method...

    There's an Indigenous form of tattooing based in the Philippines called batok, dating back to pre-colonial days. Natalia Roxas is a practitioner based in Hawaii. Batok involves tapping ink made of ...

  8. Juan dela Cruz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_dela_Cruz

    An official sample of a Philippine passport with "Maria dela Cruz" as the fictitious placeholder owner of the document. Activists often portray Juan dela Cruz as a victim of American imperialism, especially since many editorial cartoons of the American period often depicted him alongside Uncle Sam either as a "Little Brown Brother" or as an Asian Partner.

  9. Panagbenga Festival - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panagbenga_Festival

    A typical float at the Panagbenga Festival in 2009. The month-long festival starts on the first day of February with an opening parade. [15] Activities celebrated throughout the month include a landscape competition and cultural shows; street dancing and float parades during the last week of February draw huge crowds.