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2. List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._state...

   ^ Florida's state gem, moonstone, was adopted to highlight Florida's role in the United States' Lunar program, which landed the first astronauts on the Moon. ^ Since 1983, Massachusetts has had 3 other official state rocks: State Historical Rock (Plymouth Rock), State Explorer Rock (Dighton Rock), and State Building and Monument Stone . In 2008 ...

3. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Gemstone. Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including ( clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

4. Topaz - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topaz

   Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula Al 2 Si O 4 ( F, OH) 2. It is used as a gemstone in jewelry and other adornments. Common topaz in its natural state is colorless, though trace element impurities can make it pale blue or golden brown to yellow-orange. [7]

5. 'Antiques Roadshow': diamond and ruby jewelry worth a fortune

   www.aol.com/news/2014-08-12-antiques-roadshow...

   The collection consisted of a ring, a pendant necklace and a bracelet that was worth a lot more than she expected. The appraiser said, "The ring with the fine ruby and the very very white diamonds ...

6. Hope Diamond - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_Diamond

   Estimated value. US$200–350 million. The Hope Diamond is a 45.52 carats (9.104 g; 0.3211 oz) diamond that has been famed for its great size since the 18th century. Extracted in the 17th century from the Kollur Mine in Guntur, India, [1] [2] the Hope Diamond is a blue diamond. Its exceptional size has revealed new information about the ...

7. Gemological Institute of America - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemological_Institute_of...

   Website. www .gia .edu. The Gemological Institute of America ( GIA) is a nonprofit institute based in Carlsbad, California. It is dedicated to research and education in the field of gemology and the jewelry arts. [1] Founded in 1931, GIA's mission is to protect buyers and sellers of gemstones by setting and maintaining the standards used to ...

8. Diamond (gemstone) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_(gemstone)

   Today, annual global rough diamond production is estimated to be about 130 million carats (26 tonnes; 29 short tons), of which 92% is cut and polished in India, mostly in the city of Surat. Some 85% of the world's rough diamonds, 50% of cut diamonds, and 40% of industrial diamonds are traded in Antwerp , Belgium—the diamond center of the ...

9. Koh-i-Noor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koh-i-Noor

   Today, the diamond is on public display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London. The governments of India, Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, as well as the Taliban , have all claimed ownership of the Koh-i-Noor, demanding its return ever since India gained independence from the British Empire in 1947. [16]