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A congenital heart defect (CHD), also known as a congenital heart anomaly, congenital cardiovascular malformation, and congenital heart disease, is a defect in the structure of the heart or great vessels that is present at birth. [7] A congenital heart defect is classed as a cardiovascular disease. [10]
Classifying cardiac lesions in infants is quite difficult, and accurate diagnosis is essential. The diagnosis of Shone’s syndrome requires an ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram) and a cardiac catheterization procedure, that is, insertion of a device through blood vessels in the groin to the heart that helps identify heart anatomy. [3]
Most infants who undergo surgery have their symptoms relieved and are able to live a normal life. Potential complications that can occur include coronary artery problems, heart valves problems or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias). [2]
Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is an uncommon congenital heart condition characterized by faulty development of the heart's septa and valves. [88] [12] Congestive heart failure is common in infants with the entire version of the condition. [88] [12] Fluid builds up in other parts of the body, particularly the lungs.
Ebstein's anomaly is a congenital heart defect in which the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve are displaced downwards towards the apex of the right ventricle of the heart. [1] EA has great anatomical heterogeneity that generates a wide spectrum of clinical features at presentation and is complicated by the fact that the ...
Dr. Davis emphasizes that valve damage is not only caused by poor dietary habits, explaining, “Diet is often talked about in connection to heart disease, but valve damage has different causes.
Parachute mitral valve is commonly associated with other congenital heart disease. A 2004 study finds that children with PMV are 68% likely to have aortic coarctation, 54% likely to have an atrial septal defect, 46% likely to have a ventricular septal defect, and 19% likely to have left ventricular hypoplasia. [ 2 ]
Involvement of other heart valves without damage to the mitral is exceedingly rare. [23] Mitral stenosis is almost always caused by rheumatic heart disease. [16] Less than 10% of aortic stenosis is caused by rheumatic heart disease. [15] [16] Rheumatic fever can also cause chronic mitral and aortic regurgitation. [16]
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