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The height of AC component of the photoplethysmogram is proportional to the pulse pressure, the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure in the arteries. As seen in the figure showing premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), the PPG pulse for the cardiac cycle with the PVC results in lower amplitude blood pressure and a PPG.
Although water is nearly transparent in the range of visible light, it becomes absorbing over the near-infrared region. Water is a critical component since its concentration is high in human tissue. The absorption spectrum of water in the range from 250 to 1000 nm is shown in Figure 2.
The type of detector used depends primarily on the range of wavelengths to be measured. Silicon-based CCDs are suitable for the shorter end of the NIR range, but are not sufficiently sensitive over most of the range (over 1000 nm). InGaAs and PbS devices are more suitable and have higher quantum efficiency for wavelengths above 1100 nm. It is ...
Free-electron laser: A broad wavelength range (0.1 nm - several mm); a single FEL may be tunable over a wavelength range Relativistic electron beam: Atmospheric research, material science, medical applications. CO₂ gas dynamic laser: Several lines around 10.5 μm; other frequencies may be possible with different gas mixtures
For example, with one point per wavelength of a HeNe reference laser at 0.633 μm (15 800 cm −1) the shortest wavelength would be 1.266 μm (7900 cm −1). Because of aliasing , any energy at shorter wavelengths would be interpreted as coming from longer wavelengths and so has to be minimized optically or electronically.
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in a brachial artery, where it is most commonly measured.
A sphygmomanometer (/ ˌ s f ɪ ɡ m oʊ m ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ t ə r / SFIG-moh-mə-NO-mi-tər), also known as a blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, [1] and a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure.
When measuring blood pressure in the home, an accurate reading requires that one not drink coffee, smoke cigarettes, or engage in strenuous exercise for 30 minutes before taking the reading. A full bladder may have a small effect on blood pressure readings; if the urge to urinate arises, one should do so before the reading.
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