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Gas exchange in the alveolus. Type I cells are the larger of the two cell types; they are thin, flat epithelial lining cells (membranous pneumocytes), that form the structure of the alveoli. [3] They are squamous (giving more surface area to each cell) and have long cytoplasmic extensions that cover more than 95% of the alveolar surface. [12] [17]
The alveolar type II epithelial cells are more resistant to damage, so after an insult to the alveoli, most of the damage will occur to the alveolar type I epithelial cells. [5] Left side demonstrate the structure of a normal alveolus including the difference between type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells.
Micrograph showing hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages, as seen in a pulmonary hemorrhage. H&E stain.. An alveolar macrophage, pulmonary macrophage, (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage, a professional phagocyte, found in the airways and at the level of the alveoli in the lungs, but separated from their walls.
This blood–air barrier is extremely thin (approximately 600 nm-2μm; in some places merely 200 nm) to allow sufficient oxygen diffusion, yet it is extremely strong. This strength comes from the type IV collagen in between the endothelial and epithelial cells. Damage can occur to this barrier at a pressure difference of around 40 millimetres ...
An alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveus, "little cavity"), is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity. Mainly found in the lung, the pulmonary alveoli are spherical outcroppings of the respiratory bronchioles and are the primary sites of gas exchange with the blood. Date: December 2007: Source: Own work using:
The pleurae are two thin membranes, one cell layer thick, which surround the lungs. The inner (visceral pleura) covers the lungs and the outer (parietal pleura) lines the inner surface of the chest wall. This membrane secretes a small amount of fluid, allowing the lungs to move freely within the pleural cavity while expanding and contracting ...
Pulmonary alveolus, an air sac in the lungs Alveolar cell or pneumocyte; Alveolar duct; Alveolar macrophage; Mammary alveolus, a milk sac in the mammary glands; Alveolar gland; Dental alveolus, also known as "tooth socket", a socket in the jaw that holds the roots of teeth Alveolar ridge, the jaw structure that contains the dental alveoli ...
Surfactant metabolism dysfunction involves mutations or malfunctions of those hydrophobic proteins that lead to ineffective surfactant layer to protect alveolus integrity. [3] SP-B and SP-C are the two hydrophobic surfactant proteins that participate in its physical functions; these proteins are encoded by SFTPB and SFTPC genes on chromosomes 2 ...