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A melanosome is an organelle found in animal cells and is the site for synthesis, storage and transport of melanin, the most common light-absorbing pigment found in the animal kingdom. Melanosomes are responsible for color and photoprotection in animal cells and tissues.
The melanosomes within the feathers of the Eocene penguin Inkayacu are long and narrow, similar to most birds. Their shape suggests that Inkayacu had grey and reddish-brown feathering across its body. Most modern penguins have melanosomes that are of similar length to those of Inkayacu, but are much wider. There are also a greater number of ...
The melanosomes are organized as a cap protecting the nucleus of the keratinocyte. When ultraviolet rays penetrate the skin and damage DNA, thymidine dinucleotide (pTpT) fragments from damaged DNA will trigger melanogenesis [26] and cause the melanocyte to produce melanosomes, which are then transferred by dendrites to the top layer of ...
A micrograph of preserved melanosomes in the two feather types associated with the Brazilian pterosaur. On the left are the elongated melanosomes found in the monofilaments, and on the right are ...
22173 Ensembl ENSG00000077498 ENSMUSG00000004651 UniProt P14679 P11344 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000372 NM_011661 NM_001317397 RefSeq (protein) NP_000363 NP_001304326 NP_035791 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 89.18 – 89.3 Mb Chr 7: 87.07 – 87.14 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is the rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. The ...
It is packaged in vesicles called melanosomes and distributed throughout the cell. Eumelanin is generated from tyrosine in a series of catalysed chemical reactions. It is a complex chemical containing units of dihydroxyindole and dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid with some pyrrole rings. [12] The key enzyme in melanin synthesis is tyrosinase ...
Studies have found two alleles in the vicinity of ASIP are associated with skin color variation in humans. One, rs2424984, [ 67 ] has been identified as an indicator of skin reflectance in a forensics analysis of human phenotypes across Caucasian, African-American, South Asian, East Asian, Hispanic and Native American populations [ 68 ] and is ...
The melanosomes in each recipient cell accumulate atop the cell nucleus, where they protect the nuclear DNA from mutations caused by the ionizing radiation of the sun's ultraviolet rays. In general, people whose ancestors lived for long periods in the regions of the globe near the equator have larger quantities of eumelanin in their skins.