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Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion. [2] [5] Either the small bowel or large bowel may be affected. [1] Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, vomiting, bloating and not passing gas. [1]
Wherever possible, this article generally follows the definitions and terminology of the 2018 consensus statement, [note 2] wherein ODS is defined as "a subset of functional constipation in which patients report symptoms of incomplete rectal emptying with or without an actual reduction in the number of bowel movements per week."
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) is a clinical syndrome caused by severe impairment in the ability of the intestines to push food through. It is characterized by the signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction without any lesion in the intestinal lumen. [ 1 ]
Signs and symptoms of DIOS include a sudden onset of crampy abdominal pain, vomiting, and a palpable mass (often in the right lower quadrant) in the abdomen. The characteristic abdominal pain is typically located in the center or right lower quadrant of the abdomen. [ 1 ]
A volvulus is when a loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supports it, resulting in a bowel obstruction. [1] Symptoms include abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, vomiting, constipation, and bloody stool. [1] [2] Onset of symptoms may be rapid or more gradual. [2]
Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a very rare syndrome with chronic and recurrent symptoms that suggest intestinal obstruction in the absence of any mechanical blockage of the lumen. [3] The most common symptoms of CIPO include abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, and abdominal distention.
The FDA recently added a warning to weight-loss drug Ozempic's label about the potential side effect of intestinal blockage. Experts weigh in on the warning.
[1] [2] Fecal vomiting is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, abdominal distension, dehydration, and diarrhea. [2] [3] In severe cases of bowel obstruction or constipation (such as those related to clozapine treatment) fecal vomiting has been identified as a cause of death. [4]
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