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A Bonneville Dam Kaplan turbine after 61 years of service. The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine which has adjustable blades. It was developed in 1913 by Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan, [1] who combined automatically adjusted propeller blades with automatically adjusted wicket gates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and water level.
Typical primary nozzle map. The following discussion relates to the expansion system of a 2 spool, high bypass ratio, unmixed, turbofan. On the RHS is a typical primary (i.e. hot) nozzle map (or characteristic). Its appearance is similar to that of a turbine map, but it lacks any (rotational) speed l
The radial component of the fluid velocity is negligible. Since there is no change in the direction of the fluid, several axial stages can be used to increase power output. A Kaplan turbine is an example of an axial flow turbine. In the figure: U = Blade velocity, V f = Flow velocity, V = Absolute velocity, V r = Relative velocity,
Kaplan turbine: This turbine is a propeller-type turbine which has adjustable blades to achieve efficiency over a wide range of heads and flows. The Kaplan can be used at low to medium heads (1.5–20 metres) and medium to high flows (3 m 3 /s–30 m 3 /s). For higher flows multiple turbines can be used.
Turbines are sometimes differentiated on the basis of the type of inlet flow, whether the inlet velocity is in axial direction, radial direction or a combination of both. . The Francis turbine is a mixed hydraulic turbine (the inlet velocity has Radial and tangential components) while the Kaplan turbine is an axial hydraulic turbine (the inlet velocity has only axial velocity componen
The losses occur in an actual turbine due to disc and bearing friction. Figure shows the energy flow diagram for the impulse stage of an axial turbine. Numbers in brackets indicate the order of energy or loss corresponding to 100 units of isentropic work (h 01 – h 03ss). Energy flow diagram for the impulse stage of an axial turbine
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With the help of these equations the head developed by a pump and the head utilised by a turbine can be easily determined. As the name suggests these equations were formulated by Leonhard Euler in the eighteenth century. [1] These equations can be derived from the moment of momentum equation when applied for a pump or a turbine.