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Latin declension is the set of patterns according to which Latin words are declined—that is, have their endings altered to show grammatical case, number and gender. Nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are declined (verbs are conjugated ), and a given pattern is called a declension.
In the United States, in grammars such as Gildersleeve and Lodge's Latin Grammar (1895), the traditional order is used, with the genitive case in the second place and ablative last. In the popularly used Wheelock's Latin (1956, 7th edition 2011) and Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar (1903), however, the vocative is placed at the end.
Latin word order is relatively free. The verb may be found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence; an adjective may precede or follow its noun (vir bonus or bonus vir both mean 'a good man'); [5] and a genitive may precede or follow its noun ('the enemies' camp' can be both hostium castra and castra hostium; the latter is more common). [6]
Genitive case indicates possession and can be translated with 'of'. Dative case marks the indirect object and can be translated with 'to' or 'for'. Accusative case marks the direct object. Ablative case is used to modify verbs and can be translated as 'by', 'with', 'from', etc. Vocative case is used to address a person or thing.
Latin word order is relatively free. The subject, object, and verb can come in any order, and an adjective can go before or after its noun, as can a genitive such as hostium "of the enemies". A common feature of Latin is hyperbaton, in which a phrase is split up by other words: Sextus est Tarquinius "it is Sextus Tarquinius".
^† The case classically referred to as dative in Scottish Gaelic has shifted to, and is sometimes called, a prepositional case. Distributive case: distribution by piece: per house Chuvash | Hungarian | Manchu | Finnish [6] Distributive-temporal case: frequency: daily; on Sundays Hungarian; Finnish [6] Genitive case
In the genitive singular, names in -ēs, parisyllabic, take -ī as well as -is. Some feminine nouns in -ô have the genitive in -ūs. Greek names ending in -eus are declined both according to the Greek and according to the Latin second declension (but the genitive -eī and the dative-eō are often pronounced as one syllable in poets).
The final ke 4 𒆤 is the composite of -k (genitive case) and -e (ergative case). [1] In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated gen) [2] is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. [3]