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Esophageal strictures more commonly occur after more severe mucosal injury, occurring in to 71% and 100% of grade 2b and 3 mucosal lesions respectively. [2] Remote manifestations of caustic ingestions include esophageal cancer. People who have a history of caustic substance ingestion are 1000-3000 times more likely to develop esophageal cancer ...
Syrup of ipecac (/ ˈ ɪ p ɪ k æ k /), or simply ipecac, is a drug that was once widely used as an expectorant (in low doses) and a rapid-acting emetic (in higher doses). It is obtained from the dried rhizome and roots of the ipecacuanha plant (Carapichea ipecacuanha), from which it derives its name.
To determine the management strategy of any burn, it is essential that the Total Burn Area is calculated. This differs from an adult to a child as the total body surface area is divided up differently for a child and for an adult- mainly as a child's head takes up a larger percentage of the TBSA than it does in a fully developed adult.
[1] [2] Smoke, chlorine, phosgene, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and ammonia are common irritants. Depending on the type and amount of irritant gas inhaled, victims can experience symptoms ranging from minor respiratory discomfort to acute airway and lung injury and even death.
Methanol toxicity (also methanol poisoning) is poisoning from methanol, characteristically via ingestion. [1] Symptoms may include an altered/decreased level of consciousness , poor or no coordination, vomiting , abdominal pain , and a specific smell on the breath.
Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion. Substances that diffuse efficiently in human tissue, e.g., hydrofluoric acid , sulfur mustard , and dimethyl sulfate , may not react immediately, but instead produce the burns and inflammation hours after the contact.
Grade A: One or more mucosal breaks < 5 mm in maximal length Grade B: One or more mucosal breaks > 5mm, but without continuity across mucosal folds: Grade C: Mucosal breaks continuous between ≥ 2 mucosal folds but involving less than 75% of the esophageal circumference Grade D: Mucosal breaks involving more than 75% of esophageal circumference
Carbonated soda treatment of phytobezoars is the use of carbonated soda to try to dissolve a phytobezoar. Bezoars consist of a solid and formed mass trapped in the gastrointestinal system, usually in the stomach. [1] [2] [3] These can also form in other locations. [4] [5] Carbonated soda has been proposed for the treatment of gastric phytobezoars.