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Litmus is a water-soluble mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens. It is often absorbed onto filter paper to produce one of the oldest forms of pH indicator, used to test materials for acidity. In an acidic medium, blue litmus paper turns red, while in a basic or alkaline medium, red litmus paper turns blue. In short, it is a dye and ...
Paper form: It is a strip of coloured paper which changes colour to red if the solution is acidic and to blue, if the solution is basic. The strip can be placed directly onto a surface of a wet substance or a few drops of the solution can be dropped onto the universal indicator using dropping equipment.
Litmus, used by alchemists in the Middle Ages and still readily available, is a naturally occurring pH indicator made from a mixture of lichen species, particularly Roccella tinctoria. The word litmus is literally from 'colored moss' in Old Norse (see Litr). The color changes between red in acid solutions and blue in alkalis.
It is advised to check the references for photos of reaction results. [1] Reagent testers might show the colour of the desired substance while not showing a different colour for a more dangerous additive. [2]
Due to a color change from blue to red at pH 3.0–5.2, Congo red can be used as a pH indicator.Since this color change is an approximate inverse of that of litmus, it can be used with litmus paper in a simple parlor trick: add a drop or two of Congo red to both an acid solution and a base solution.
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Colorimetric capnography is a qualitative measurement method that detects the presence of carbon dioxide (CO2, a relatively acidic gas) in a given gaseous environment. From a medical perspective, the method is usually applied by exposing litmus paper/film to an environment containing a patient's airway gases (i.e. placing it into their breathing circuit/airway circuit), where it will then ...
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