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Other plants, specifically crops like corn, wheat, and rice, have become increasingly tolerant to drought with new varieties created via genetic engineering. [4] From an evolutionary perspective, the type of mycorrhizal associations formed in the roots of plants can determine how fast plants can adapt to drought.
As of 2013, 34 field trials of GM wheat have taken place in Europe and 419 have taken place in the US. [10] Modifications tested include those to create resistance to herbicides, create resistance to insects [11] [12] [13] and to fungal pathogens (especially fusarium) and viruses, [14] [15] tolerance to drought and resistance to salinity [16] and heat, [17] increased [18] [19] and decreased ...
HB4 wheat is a type of wheat that has been genetically modified by introducing sunflower genes, [1] with the objective of improving crop productivity. Wheat, along with corn, rice and soybeans, constitute the basis of world food, [ 2 ] and different scientific research was focused on improving its productivity.
High wheat prices caused by the drought have discouraged farmers from investing in alternative drought-tolerant crops. [87] The United States Drought Monitor observed "extreme drought" conditions in much of the eastern half of Massachusetts, southeastern New Hampshire and the southern part of Maine in September 2016. [88]
This new, modified version of the original gene provides a greater efficiency in drought conditions. The modified hahb-4 sunflower gene improves adaptation of the plant to the environment, which allows obtaining a higher yield of grain. HB4® is currently the world's only drought-tolerant GMO technology for wheat and soybean crops.
Borlaug crossbred the semi-dwarf Norin 10/Brevor 14 cultivar with his disease-resistant cultivars to produce wheat varieties that were adapted to tropical and sub-tropical climates. [37] Borlaug's new semi-dwarf, disease-resistant varieties, called Pitic 62 and Penjamo 62, changed the potential yield of spring wheat dramatically.
Early breeding efforts concentrated on developing a high-yield, drought-tolerant human food crop species suitable for marginal wheat-producing areas. [57] (Later in the episode, Chekov claims that the fictional quadro-triticale was a "Russian invention". [58])
Drought resistance occurs by modifying the plant's genes responsible for the mechanism known as the crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), which allows the plants to survive despite low water levels. This holds promise for water-heavy crops such as rice, wheat, soybeans and poplar to accelerate their adaptation to water-limited environments.