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The heuristic-systematic model of information processing (HSM) is a widely recognized [citation needed] model by Shelly Chaiken that attempts to explain how people receive and process persuasive messages. [1] The model states that individuals can process messages in one of two ways: heuristically or systematically. Systematic processing entails ...
She completed work involving attitude, persuasion, and social cognition and is most well-known for the developing the heuristic-systematic model of information processing. Chaiken completed a study researching interracial contact.
Gigerenzer & Gaissmaier (2011) state that sub-sets of strategy include heuristics, regression analysis, and Bayesian inference. [14]A heuristic is a strategy that ignores part of the information, with the goal of making decisions more quickly, frugally, and/or accurately than more complex methods (Gigerenzer and Gaissmaier [2011], p. 454; see also Todd et al. [2012], p. 7).
An example of how persuasion plays a role in heuristic processing can be explained through the heuristic-systematic model. [108] This explains how there are often two ways we are able to process information from persuasive messages, one being heuristically and the other systematically.
Explanations include information-processing rules (i.e., mental shortcuts), called heuristics, that the brain uses to produce decisions or judgments. Biases have a variety of forms and appear as cognitive ("cold") bias, such as mental noise, [ 5 ] or motivational ("hot") bias, such as when beliefs are distorted by wishful thinking .
Heroic theory of invention and scientific development; Heuristic; Heuristic (psychology) Heuristic argument; Heuristic-systematic model of information processing; Hitchens's razor; How to Solve It; How to Solve it by Computer; Hyper-heuristic
System 1 processing is contextualised while System 2 processing is abstract. [54] Recent research has found that beliefs and context can influence System 2 processing as well as System 1. [55] Fast processing indicates the use of System 1 rather than System 2 processes. Just because a processing is fast does not mean it is done by System 1.
Heuristic processing assumes that affective processing, or emotional processing, occurs outside our awareness, with people simply making sense of their emotional reactions as they happen. Thus, affective experience provides people with information about themselves, including their tendencies and implicit judgments.