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Formally, a message authentication code (MAC) system is a triple of efficient [4] algorithms (G, S, V) satisfying: G (key-generator) gives the key k on input 1 n, where n is the security parameter. S (signing) outputs a tag t on the key k and the input string x. V (verifying) outputs accepted or rejected on inputs: the key k, the string x and ...
Lacking easy access to entropy, some devices may use hard-coded keys to seed random generators, or seed random generators from easily guessed unique identifiers such as the device's MAC address. A simple study [which?] demonstrated the widespread use of weak keys by finding many embedded systems such as routers using the same keys. It was ...
MAC addresses are primarily assigned by device manufacturers, and are therefore often referred to as the burned-in address, or as an Ethernet hardware address, hardware address, or physical address. Each address can be stored in the interface hardware, such as its read-only memory , or by a firmware mechanism.
Virtual machines receive a MAC address in a range that is configurable in the hypervisor. [15] Additionally some operating systems permit the end user to customise the MAC address, notably OpenWRT. [16] Usage of the node's network card MAC address for the node ID means that a version-1 UUID can be tracked back to the computer that created it.
seed key - (NSA) a key used to initialize a cryptographic device so it can accept operational keys using benign transfer techniques. Also a key used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator to generate other keys. signature key - public key cryptography can also be used to electronically sign messages. The private key is used to create the ...
HMAC-SHA1 generation. In cryptography, an HMAC (sometimes expanded as either keyed-hash message authentication code or hash-based message authentication code) is a specific type of message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function and a secret cryptographic key.
Each device is given its Device Keys and a 31-bit number d called the device number. For each Device Key, there is an associated number denoted the path number, the “u” bit mask, and the “v” bit mask. The path number denotes the position in the tree associated with the Device Key. This path number defines a path from the root to that ...
Each basic service set has a unique identifier, a BSSID, which is a 48-bit number that follows MAC address conventions. [4] An infrastructure BSSID is usually non-configurable, in which case it is either preset during manufacture or mathematically derived from a preset value such as a serial number or a MAC address of another network interface.