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Hypermobility spectrum disorder does not include people with asymptomatic hypermobility or people with double-jointedness but no other symptoms. Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders may be equally severe. [5] [6] HSD is further classified into different subtypes, which include: [6]
Joint hypermobility is often correlated with hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS, known also by EDS type III or Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (EDS-HT)). Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mutations or hereditary genes, but the genetic defect that produced hEDS is largely unknown. In conjunction with ...
In 2018, the Ehlers–Danlos Society began the Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Genetic Evaluation (HEDGE) study. [31] The ongoing study has screened over 1,000 people who have been diagnosed with hEDS by the 2017 criteria to evaluate their genome for a common mutation.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome - diverse collection of disorders distinguished by the fragility of soft connective tissues and widespread symptoms affecting the skin, ligaments, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs. [5] Osteogenesis imperfecta - hereditary condition marked by reduced bone mass, weakened bones, increased brittleness, and short ...
Dural ectasia is common in Marfan syndrome, [3] occurring in 63–92% of people with the syndrome. [11] It may also occur in Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome , neurofibromatosis type I , [ 12 ] ankylosing spondylitis , [ 1 ] and is associated with spondylolisthesis , vertebral fractures, [ 13 ] scoliosis , tumors or trauma .
Swan neck deformity has many of possible causes arising from the DIP, PIP, or even the MCP joints. In all cases, there is a stretching of the volar plate at the PIP joint to allow hyperextension, plus some damage to the attachment of the extensor tendon to the base of the distal phalanx that produces a hyperflexed mallet finger.
However, if there is widespread laxity of other connective tissue, then this may be a sign of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Down syndrome, Klippel–Feil syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Larsen syndrome, Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other medical conditions. [1] [2]
Bethlem myopathy 2 (BTHLM2), formerly known as myopathic-type Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, is caused by a mutation on the COL12A1 gene coding for type XII collagen. [3] It is autosomal dominant. [3] In 2017, an international workshop proposed a redefined criteria and naming system for limb-girdle muscular dystrophies.