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Diagram illustrating how the uterus lining builds up and breaks down during the menstrual cycle Menstruation (also known as a period, among other colloquial terms) is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina. The menstrual cycle is characterized by the rise and fall of hormones. Menstruation is triggered by falling progesterone ...
During the Mughal period, prostitutes were known as randi, kasbi and thakahi, [16] some prostitutes also sing and dance, [17] but many of them did not even have access to artistic training. [ 18 ] Once a trainee had matured and possessed a sufficient command over dancing and singing, she became a tawaif , high-class courtesans who served the ...
Mirat-ul-Uroos (Urdu: مراۃ العروس, The bride's mirror) is an Urdu language novel written by Indian author Nazir Ahmad Dehlvi, also popularly known as Deputy Nazir Ahmad, (1830–1912) and published in 1869. [1]
The number of Urdu speakers in India fell 1.5% between 2001 and 2011 (then 5.08 million Urdu speakers), especially in the most Urdu-speaking states of Uttar Pradesh (c. 8% to 5%) and Bihar (c. 11.5% to 8.5%), even though the number of Muslims in these two states grew in the same period. [128]
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language.While it tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana (افسانہ).
The story of Layla and Majnun was known in Persia as early as the 9th century. Two well known Persian poets, Rudaki and Baba Taher, both mention the lovers. [18] [19] Although the story was known in Arabic literature in the 5th century, [20] it was the Persian masterpiece of Nizami Ganjavi that
In ancient Indian society, "practices that restricted women's social mobility and behavior" existed but the arrival of Islam in India "intensified these Hindu practices, and by the 19th century purdah was the customary practice of high-caste Hindu and elite communities throughout India."
In most of India, menarche is celebrated as a positive aspect of a girl's life. For example, in Andhra Pradesh, girls who experience their menstrual period for the first time are given presents and celebrations to mark the occasion. [69] In South Indian tradition, the first period is celebrated as a rite of passage in the Ritu Kala Samskaram.