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The diagnosis approach for identifying the cause of cholestasis. Cholestasis can be suspected when there is an elevation of both 5'-nucleotidase and ALP enzymes. [78] With a few exceptions, the optimal test for cholestasis would be elevations of serum bile acid levels. [79]
Cholestatic pruritus is the sensation of itch due to nearly any liver disease, but the most commonly associated entities are primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, obstructive choledocholithiasis, carcinoma of the bile duct, cholestasis (also see drug-induced pruritus), and chronic hepatitis C viral infection and other forms of viral hepatitis.
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is an autoimmune disease of the liver. [1] [2] [3] It results from a slow, progressive destruction of the small bile ducts of the liver, causing bile and other toxins to build up in the liver, a condition called cholestasis.
Additional symptoms may vary based on the cause of neonatal cholestasis. For example, if a patient’s symptoms are caused by a choledochal cyst, they may present with abdominal pain, vomiting, and a palpable abdominal mass. [4] Patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency may present with hepatomegaly and elevated liver enzymes. [9]
Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a group of familial cholestatic conditions caused by defects in biliary epithelial transporters. The clinical presentation usually occurs first in childhood with progressive cholestasis. This usually leads to failure to thrive, cirrhosis, and the need for liver transplantation. [citation ...
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), also known as obstetric cholestasis, cholestasis of pregnancy, jaundice of pregnancy, and prurigo gravidarum, [1] is a medical condition in which cholestasis occurs during pregnancy. [2] It typically presents with itching and can lead to complications for both mother and fetus. [2]
Citrin deficiency has four primary phenotypes that are age dependent. These include neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) that affects infants, the adaptation or silent period, failure to thrive and dyslipidemia caused by citrin deficiency (FTTDCD) and adolescent and adult citrin deficiency (AACD) (formerly termed CTLN2), which represents the most severe form of ...
Biliary colic can be distinguished from other digestive conditions with similar symptoms, such as indigestion, gastric reflux or heartburn, in that the pain caused by biliary colic is not relieved by vomiting, bowel movements or flatulence. [10] The pain is also not affected by changes in posture or antacid medicine. [11]