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Generic programming pioneer Alexander Stepanov wrote, Generic programming is about abstracting and classifying algorithms and data structures. It gets its inspiration from Knuth and not from type theory. Its goal is the incremental construction of systematic catalogs of useful, efficient and abstract algorithms and data structures.
Templates are a feature of the C++ programming language that allows functions and classes to operate with generic types.This allows a function or class declaration to reference via a generic variable another different class (built-in or newly declared data type) without creating full declaration for each of these different classes.
Generics are a facility of generic programming that were added to the Java programming language in 2004 within version J2SE 5.0. They were designed to extend Java's type system to allow "a type or method to operate on objects of various types while providing compile-time type safety". [ 1 ]
For example, suppose that a program defines two types, A and B, where B is a subtype of A. If the program tries to convert a value of type A to type B, which is known as downcasting, then the operation is legal only if the value being converted is actually a value of type B. Thus, a dynamic check is needed to verify that the operation is safe.
Impredicative polymorphism (also called first-class polymorphism) is the most powerful form of parametric polymorphism. [ 1 ] : 340 In formal logic , a definition is said to be impredicative if it is self-referential; in type theory, it refers to the ability for a type to be in the domain of a quantifier it contains.
Also simply application or app. Computer software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions, tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user. Common examples of applications include word processors, spreadsheets, accounting applications, web browsers, media players, aeronautical flight simulators, console games, and photo editors. This contrasts with system software, which is ...
Nim supports both constrained and unconstrained generic programming. Generics may be used in procedures, templates and macros. Unconstrained generic identifiers (T in this example) are defined after the routine's name in square brackets. Constrained generics can be placed on generic identifiers, or directly on parameters.
Monomorphization is a compile-time process where polymorphic functions are replaced by many monomorphic functions for each unique instantiation. [1] It is considered beneficial to undergo the mentioned transformation because it results in the output intermediate representation (IR) having specific types, which allows for more effective optimization.