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A reducer reduces the pipe size from a larger to a smaller bore (inner diameter). Alternatively, reducer may refer to any fitting which causes a change in pipe diameter. [15] This change may be intended to meet hydraulic flow requirements of the system or adapt to existing piping of a different size. The reduction length is usually equal to the ...
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...
The metric equivalent flow factor (K v) is calculated using metric units: =, where [3]. K v is the flow factor (expressed in m 3 /h), Q is the flowrate (expressed in m 3 /h), SG is the specific gravity of the fluid (for water = 1),
where is the density of the fluid, is the average velocity in the pipe, is the friction factor from the Moody chart, is the length of the pipe and is the pipe diameter. The chart plots Darcy–Weisbach friction factor against Reynolds number Re for a variety of relative roughnesses, the ratio of the mean height of roughness of the pipe to the ...
Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.
The orifices are manufactured from stainless steel. 2mm (0.08”) 4mm (0.16”) 6mm (0.24”) 8mm (0.31”) 15 - 30cSt 112 - 685cSt 550 - 1500cSt 1200 - 3000cSt (approximately) 25 - 150 secs FORD FLOW CUP Ford Flow Cup No 1 - ASTM D1200 [3] Ford Flow Cup No 2 - ASTM D1200 Ford Flow Cup No 3 - ASTM D1200 Ford Flow Cup No 4 - ASTM D1200
MIP is an abbreviation for male iron pipe, and FIP is an abbreviation for female iron pipe. [2] Outside North America, some US pipe thread sizes are widely used, as well as many British Standard Pipe threads and ISO 7–1, 7–2, 228–1, and 228-2 threads.
During the IPS period, pipes were cast in halves and welded together, and pipe sizes referred to the inside diameters. [1] The inside diameters under IPS were roughly the same as the more modern Ductile Iron Pipe Standard (DIPS) and Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) Standards, and some of the wall thicknesses were also retained with a different ...