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The history of Quranic recitation is tied to the history of qira'at, as each reciter had their own set of tajwid rules, with much overlap between them.. Abu Ubaid al-Qasim bin Salam (774–838 CE) was the first to develop a recorded science for tajwid, giving the rules of tajwid names and putting it into writing in his book called al-Qiraat.
The mysterious letters [1] (muqaṭṭaʿāt, Arabic: حُرُوف مُقَطَّعَات ḥurūf muqaṭṭaʿāt, "disjoined letters" or "disconnected letters" [2]) are combinations of between one and five Arabic letters that appear at the beginning of 29 out of the 114 chapters of the Quran just after the Bismillāh Islamic phrase. [3]
Super-heavy syllables are usually not allowed except word finally, [28] with the exception of CVV- before geminates creating non-final CVVC- syllables, these can be found in the active participles of geminate Form I verbs, like in مادة /maːd.da/ ('substance, matter'), كافة /kaːf.fa/ ('entirely').
The orthography is different in the two verses—in Q.21:4 the second letter is a "plene" alif قال, in 21:112 "dagger aliph" (i.e. a diacritical mark, so not part of the rasm as a plene aliph is). But in Warsh qiraa the first word in the verses is a different verb form, قل qul (the imperative 'say!') [ 104 ] changing the verse from talking ...
Good performance in Tahqeeq is by giving each letter of the verses its right to satisfy the tide and achieve the whisper, which is more reassuring than Tarteel, which is the desirable position of teaching, but it must be avoided from stretching and excessive satisfaction of pronunciation movements; So as not to generate some letters from it ...
The Arabic alphabet is always cursive and letters vary in shape depending on their position within a word. Letters can exhibit up to four distinct forms corresponding to an initial, medial (middle), final, or isolated position . While some letters show considerable variations, others remain almost identical across all four positions.
Some letters such as چ and پ were borrowed from the Persian alphabet and the letter ﯓ (called nef or sağır kef) was borrowed from Chagatai. The writing system was inherited from Volga Bulgar. The most ancient of Tatar literature (Qíssai Yosıf by Qol-Ğäli, written in Old Tatar language) was created in the beginning of the 13th century ...
Tsade (also spelled ṣade, ṣādē, ṣaddi, ṣad, tzadi, sadhe, tzaddik) is the eighteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṣādē 𐤑, Hebrew ṣādī צ , Aramaic ṣāḏē 𐡑, Syriac ṣāḏē ܨ, Ge'ez ṣädäy ጸ, and Arabic ṣād ص .