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Magnetometers for non-space use evolved from the 19th to mid-20th centuries, and were first employed in spaceflight by Sputnik 3 in 1958. A main constraint on magnetometers in space is the availability of power and mass. Magnetometers fall into 3 major categories: the fluxgate type, search coil and the ionized vapor magnetometers.
The fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) is similar to previous instruments flown on spacecraft like the Voyagers, Magsat, Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers, Mars Global Surveyor, etc. [10] This style of FGM uses twin wide-range, triaxial flux gate sensors mounted far away from the spacecraft body in which the magnetic flux is periodically switched (hence the ame flux-gate). [10]
This is an alphabetical list of astronauts, people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. For a list of everyone who has flown in space, see List of space travelers by name. More than 600 people have been trained as astronauts.
[1] 644 people have reached the altitude of space according to the FAI definition of the boundary of space. [2] 681 people have reached the altitude of space according to the USAF definition, and 610 have reached Earth orbit. [3] 24 people have traveled beyond low Earth orbit and either circled, orbited, or walked on the Moon.
Helium vector magnetometer (HVM) of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft. A magnetometer is a device that measures magnetic field or magnetic dipole moment.Different types of magnetometers measure the direction, strength, or relative change of a magnetic field at a particular location.
A spacecraft has beamed back some of the best close-up photos ever of Mercury’s north pole. The European and Japanese robotic explorer swooped as close as 183 miles (295 kilometers) above ...
Carlo Rubbia (born 1934) – fission-fragment rocket proposer; Edward J. Ruppelt (1923–1960) – director of Project Blue Book; Archibald Russell (1904–1995) – designed the Concorde, Blenheim, Britannia, and Type 188; Burt Rutan (born 1943) – airplane and spacecraft designer; Tubal Claude Ryan (1898–1982) – founder of the Ryan ...
Jul. 18—Aerospace technology company Northrop Grumman has named its NG-16 Cygnus spacecraft in honor of Hawaii astronaut Ellison Onizuka, who was one of seven crew members killed in the Space ...