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  2. Tipping point (sociology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipping_point_(sociology)

    A study suggests, "path dependencies, increasing returns to scale and learning-by-doing cost reductions can produce sudden, tipping-point-like transitions that cannot be extrapolated from past system behaviour", and that "historically, technological innovation and government policies often motivated by energy security concerns have also, in ...

  3. Phase transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition

    Phase transitions commonly refer to when a substance transforms between one of the four states of matter to another. At the phase transition point for a substance, for instance the boiling point, the two phases involved - liquid and vapor, have identical free energies and therefore are equally likely to exist. Below the boiling point, the ...

  4. Societal transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societal_transformation

    In sociology, societal transformation refers to “a deep and sustained, nonlinear systemic change” [1] in a society. Transformational changes can occur within a particular system, such as a city, a transport or energy system. Societal transformations can also refer to changes of an entire culture or civilization.

  5. Social cycle theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cycle_theory

    Social cycle theories are among the earliest social theories in sociology.Unlike the theory of social evolutionism, which views the evolution of society and human history as progressing in some new, unique direction(s), sociological cycle theory argues that events and stages of society and history generally repeat themselves in cycles.

  6. Social transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_transformation

    In sociology, social transformation is a somewhat ambiguous term that has two broad definitions.. One definition of social transformation is the process by which an individual alters the socially ascribed social status of their parents into a socially achieved status for themselves (status transformation).

  7. Epidemiological transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiological_transition

    Group 2 - non-communicable diseases: These causes of death are a major challenge for countries that have completed or nearly completed the epidemiological transition. Group 3 - injuries: This cause of death is most variable within and across different countries and is less predictive of all-cause mortality.

  8. Cyclical theory (United States history) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclical_theory_(United...

    [1] [2] In this theory, the United States's national mood alternates between liberalism and conservatism. Each phase has characteristic features, and each phase is self-limiting, generating the other phase. This alternation has repeated itself several times over the history of the United States.

  9. Social change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_change

    Social change may not refer to the notion of social progress or sociocultural evolution, the philosophical idea that society moves forward by evolutionary means.It may refer to a paradigmatic change in the socio-economic structure, for instance the transition from feudalism to capitalism, or hypothetical future transition to some form of post-capitalism.