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  2. Oblique projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique_projection

    One way to draw using an oblique view is to draw the side of the object in two dimensions, i.e. flat, and then draw the other sides at an angle of 45°, but instead of drawing the sides full size they are only drawn with half the depth creating 'forced depth' – adding an element of realism to the object.

  3. Envelope (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope_(mathematics)

    The same is true if y < x 3 y < 0. If y < x 3 and y > 0 then each point (x,y) has exactly three distinct tangent lines to γ passing through it. The same is true if y > x 3 and y < 0. If y = x 3 and y ≠ 0 then each point (x,y) has exactly two tangent lines to γ passing through it (this corresponds to the cubic having one ordinary root and ...

  4. Six degrees of freedom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_degrees_of_freedom

    Mnemonics to remember angle names. The six degrees of freedom of a mobile unit are divided in two motional classes as described below. Translational envelopes: Moving forward and backward on the X-axis. (Surge) Moving left and right on the Y-axis. (Sway) Moving up and down on the Z-axis. (Heave) Rotational envelopes: Tilting side to side on the ...

  5. Unit vector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_vector

    The notations (î, ĵ, k̂), (x̂ 1, x̂ 2, x̂ 3), (ê x, ê y, ê z), or (ê 1, ê 2, ê 3), with or without hat, are also used, [1] particularly in contexts where i, j, k might lead to confusion with another quantity (for instance with index symbols such as i, j, k, which are used to identify an element of a set or array or sequence of ...

  6. Rotation of axes in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes_in_two...

    A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. [1] In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle . A rotation of axes in more than two dimensions is defined similarly.

  7. Convex hull - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex_hull

    In geometry, the convex hull, convex envelope or convex closure [1] of a shape is the smallest convex set that contains it. The convex hull may be defined either as the intersection of all convex sets containing a given subset of a Euclidean space , or equivalently as the set of all convex combinations of points in the subset.

  8. Bidirectional reflectance distribution function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidirectional_reflectance...

    Diagram showing vectors used to define the BRDF. All vectors are unit length. points toward the light source. points toward the viewer (camera). is the surface normal.. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), symbol (,), is a function of four real variables that defines how light from a source is reflected off an opaque surface. It is employed in the optics of real-world ...

  9. Angle trisection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_trisection

    The triple-angle formula gives an expression relating the cosines of the original angle and its trisection: cos θ = 4 cos 3 ⁠ θ / 3 ⁠ − 3 cos ⁠ θ / 3 ⁠. It follows that, given a segment that is defined to have unit length, the problem of angle trisection is equivalent to constructing a segment whose length is the root of a cubic ...